My friends often ask me, what is a low-end sensor?
What is a high-end sensor?
What is a standard sensor?
What is a good sensor?
What is an advanced sensor?
To tell you the truth, it is still difficult to answer these questions perfectly and scientifically.
But I'm still trying to answer these questions.
There are too many kinds of sensors, so I would like to explain from the most commonly used pressure sensors, and so on to illustrate other sensors.
The standard pressure sensor mentioned by ordinary users has two concepts, one is that everyone thinks that the standard pressure sensor can be used everywhere, and the other is the standard pressure sensor.
But in fact, the pressure sensors in these two "concepts" do not exist both in theory and in practice.
First of all, the pressure sensor is not like our standard bolt.
For example, in the M16 M24 standard, we can make fasteners everywhere, according to different lengths, or we usually use AA batteries or AAA batteries.
Second, there is also no pressure sensor in line with the standard, although there are national standards or norms, industry standards, but most of them are only determined, requiring a number of important parameters, there is still a big gap between versatility and uniformity.
In addition, there is no international standard for pressure sensors, and only some specifications determine only a few key technical performance.
Of course, some special areas also have their own domain standards, such as military standards.
Standards that meet the requirements of military products; conform to the ship standards of the shipbuilding industry.
In the international trade of sensors, some countries also formulate some safety standards for sensors according to their own general standards, such as UL of the United States.
European CE and so on.
There are also some Reach standards that meet the requirements of environmental protection.
At the same time, as the actual use of pressure sensors, each company has its own enterprise standards.
As we all know, enterprise standards must be higher than industry standards, industry standards must be higher than national standards, and national standards must be higher than international standards.
Therefore, our so-called standard pressure sensor is actually a pressure sensor that not only conforms to the national specification (several main technical indicators) but also conforms to the enterprise standard.

# 2023.03.08.21 08 Ningbo Airport #.

So, what is a high-end sensor?
We often say that China's high-end sensors are 80%, 90% dependent on imports.
First of all, the high-end is reflected in the high level of technology, leading indicators, leading principle or technology, especially in the original innovation.
For example, biosensors are being developed.
In terms of pressure sensors, graphene material pressure sensors are being studied.
Second, the main technical indicators of leading sensors, such as accuracy, stability, reliability.
For aviation, aerospace, navigation and other stringent requirements of the sensor, it is also said that this part is divided into advanced sensors.
Third, the requirements of one index is very high, while the requirements of other indicators are general.
Take the pressure sensor as an example, in the laboratory environment, that is, in the ordinary environment, the 1000MPa high pressure sensor or the 1000pa low pressure sensor; or the 100000 precision room temperature and pressure sensor, which is often used as a standard comparison or reference.

Fourth, in the real economy or industrial field, reliability and stability are the most important indicators.
For example, in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry and electric power, a large number of products from Emerson of the United States or Yokogawa of Japan are widely used because of their high stability and reliability, which will not drift or drift very little in ten or five years.
Of course, the accuracy is also very good.
Fifth, in some sensors related to the safe use of personnel, reliability is put in the first place, other indicators are not very high.
For example, the precision index of the pressure sensor in the ordinary passenger car is not high, but the reliability requirement is very high.
From the point of view of our general enterprises in China, the index of automobile pressure sensor is not high, but it involves mass production management and quality control, its comprehensive requirements are very high.
So most of the sensors in cars are used from imported or foreign brands.
It can also be said that the high-end sensor lies not only in the high performance index, but also in the high cost and quality control.
Sixth, in some special areas, although the quantity is small, there are special requirements of the industry.
For example, nuclear pressure sensors for nuclear industry; low temperature pressure sensors for ultra-low temperature of minus 200 degrees or high temperature sensors for ultra-high temperature of 2000 degrees; explosion pressure sensors for high frequency response; miniature pressure sensors for minimal space and so on.
In a word, not every index of high-end sensor is high, the cost is very high, the economy is difficult to evaluate, and there are few practical scenarios.

# 2023.03.09.22 28 Chengdu Airport Hotel #.

What do you know about high-end sensors?
Naturally, its opposite is the low-end sensor!
In the simplest summary, the technical requirements of low-end sensors are not high.
The reliability requirement is not high, and the most important thing is that the cost is low.
That is, normal temperature, atmospheric pressure, common accuracy, low size limit, general anti-electromagnetic interference.
For example, water pressure sensors for general civil water treatment equipment; oil pressure sensors for ordinary agricultural machinery (large modern agricultural machinery pressure sensors are also required); household temperature, humidity, pressure sensors.

What is an advanced sensor?
Of course, first of all, this concept is not an ordinary concept accepted by everyone.
Generally refers to the high comprehensive performance requirements, that is to say, the main indicators of the sensor are relatively high, but not very high or very high.
The most typical is used in aviation, aerospace, navigation, military industry, of course, China's high-speed rail is also the most important application field.
Compared with low-end sensors, the cost is often much higher, but these costs are very necessary.
As we all know, sensors used in these environments, a dozen or even dozens of test costs, account for a large part of the manufacturing cost, in most cases, the test cost will be higher than the cost of materials, and the rate of finished products is not very high.
One last question, what is a good sensor?
In fact, it is not difficult to answer this question, the key is to make a good communication between the sensor and the sensor.
As I have said in many speeches, using sensors is also a high technology.
Just like our Compendium of traditional Chinese Medicine, the properties of all kinds of traditional Chinese medicine are very clear, but making good use of these traditional Chinese medicine is a good Chinese medicine, but good traditional Chinese medicine is also rare.
Pressure sensors, some unit price is only more than ten thousand yuan, some unit price will be as high as tens of thousands of yuan or even more than one hundred thousand yuan.
Therefore, a good sensor must be suitable for the use of environmental requirements of the sensor, that is, cost-effective sensor.
Some people say that a good sensor must be expensive.
This is also wrong; some people say that a good sensor must be cheap, which is also misunderstood.
A good sensor should be: in line with the application scene, technical indicators to meet the application requirements, simple installation and debugging, low maintenance cost, appropriate service life, acceptable.
Wechat Picture _ 20220907153017.jpg.
With the development of intelligent manufacturing and smart cities in China, sensors are more and more concerned by experts and ordinary people.
The development of digital economy will depend more on the popularization and mass application of sensor technology.
This article may not make much sense to experts, but it may be useful for most users of the sensor.

# 2023.03.11.0946 G2240, Chengdu-Xi'an #